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Car gear: How manual and automatic gears work

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Car gear: How manual and automatic gears work

The gearbox is one of the building blocks of the modern car. Not surprisingly, it’s also one of the most complex bits of hardware inside any vehicle.”Car gear”

A car’s engine connects to its crankshaft, which  rotates thousands of times per minute, according to the book Tribological Processes in the Valve Train Systems with Lightweight Valves. This is too fast for the wheels, so gears convert the power to speeds the wheels can handle. Gears use interlocking teeth, connecting small, fast-moving cogs to a larger gears with more teeth, and that larger cog rotates at a reduced speed.

Car gear

Lower gears have larger cogs and enable the engine to deliver high levels of force without the car moving quickly, which is ideal when you’re driving slowly or uphill, according to the journal Transportation Research Part A: General.

Higher gears deliver more speed rather than torque, which is great for smooth  driving on the freeway.

Lower gears deliver more power, while higher gears supply more speed — but you’ve got to shift your way up through the gears to reach those high speeds. Most cars have at least five gears, which gives drivers finer control over power and speed

Gearboxes have been around for a while. According to the AIP Conference Proceedings, the first modern manual transmission was demonstrated by French inventors Louis-Rene Panhard and Emile Lavassor in 1894, and Louis Renault improved the design in 1898. In 1928, Cadillac introduced a synchronized system to make gear changes smoother.

Gears for other uses are even older than automobiles, and remains of ancient gears have been discovered dating back to 4th century China. The world’s oldest working clock has been using gears to tell the time in Salisbury Cathedral since 1386.

Most vehicles still use either a manual or automatic gearbox, but some new vehicles have modern CVT or dual-clutch systems, according to Driving.ca.

CVT stands for Continuously Variable Transmission. It’s a type of automatic gearbox, but it differs from conventional hardware in one key way. Instead of using normal gears where drivers can feel the transitions, CVT gearboxes have a cone-shaped design and a system of pulleys to create a smooth transition up and down the car’s power range, according to the International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. This is an efficient system that’s often used in hybrid vehicles.

Dual-clutch systems are frequently found in semi-automatic cars, enabling the car to pre-select gears, meaning the driver can shift gear incredibly quickly. This system is often present on high-performance cars, and vehicles with gear-shifting paddles on the steering wheel.

Manual gearboxes aren’t immune from innovation, either. Volkswagen has produced a new manual gearbox called the MQ281 that improves efficiency and reduces emissions, according to Volkswagen’s website.

AUTOMATIC GEARBOXES

Automatic gearboxes appeared commercially in the 1940s, according to the International Journal of Vehicle Design, and now they are often more popular than manual transmissions. In fact a large majority of U.S. drivers use a manual vehicle, according to Readers’ Digest.

Related: Central locking: How cars’ electrical door locking works

Automatic gearboxes remove the need for a clutch pedal, which disconnects the engine from the transmission in order to change gear. Instead, they use a torque converter system, relying on gearbox oil to transfer energy from the input shaft to the gears. Computers in the car determine exactly when gears need to be changed.

This enables smooth gear shifts and easier driving, and automatic gearboxes are often more efficient than their manual counterparts.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

“Principles of valve train operation”. Tribological Processes in the Valve Train Systems with Lightweight Valves. New Research and Modelling (2016).

“Optimal driving for single-vehicle fuel economy”. Transportation Research Part A: General.

“Gear ratio calculation and comparison between sports utility vehicle (SUV’s) and race application”. AIP Conference Proceedings (2018).

“Driving automation: learning from aviation about design philosophies”. International Journal of Vehicle Design (2007).

“Cone Type CVT with High Speed Variations”. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research (2015).

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Tay K A Controversial Hip-Hop Figure

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Tay K A Controversial Hip-Hop Figure

Tay K, whose real name is Taymor Travon McIntyre, is a name that has become synonymous with controversy and the rap industry. This young artist, hailing from Arlington, Texas, made headlines for his music, criminal activities, and a high-profile murder case. In this article, we’ll take a deep dive into the life and career of Tay K, shedding light on his rise to fame, his legal troubles, and his influence on the music world.

The Early Life of Tay K

Tay K was born on June 16, 2000, in Long Beach, California, but he moved to Arlington, Texas, at a young age. He had a troubled childhood, marked by poverty and instability. Growing up in a rough neighborhood, he was exposed to the harsh realities of life at an early age. Despite these challenges, Tay K had a passion for music and started rapping at a young age.

Rising to Fame

Tay K’s journey to stardom began in his mid-teens. He gained popularity on SoundCloud, a platform that has propelled many young artists to fame. His early tracks garnered attention, and it was evident that he possessed raw talent. His unique style and lyrical content set him apart in the competitive world of hip-hop.

Legal Troubles and Incarceration

Unfortunately, Tay K’s newfound fame was accompanied by a series of legal troubles. In 2016, he was arrested for his involvement in a home invasion and aggravated robbery. While under house arrest, he cut off his ankle monitor and became a fugitive. His run from the law resulted in even more notoriety and led to a nationwide manhunt.

Tay K’s Music and Impact

Tay K’s music is often characterized by its gritty realism and tales of street life. His lyrics vividly depict the struggles of growing up in impoverished neighborhoods. One of his most famous tracks, “The Race,” was recorded while he was on the run and became a viral sensation, racking up millions of views on YouTube.

The Viral Hit “The Race”

“The Race” catapulted Tay K to stardom. The song was released in June 2017, and its accompanying music video garnered attention due to its unique circumstances. It was shot during Tay K’s time as a fugitive, and the lyrics alluded to his criminal activities and desire to evade capture. The song’s catchy beat and memorable chorus made it a hit among hip-hop enthusiasts.

Tay K’s Influence on Hip-Hop Culture

Tay K’s impact on the hip-hop culture was undeniable. He represented a new wave of artists who used the internet and social media to gain fame independently. His authenticity and unfiltered storytelling resonated with a young and diverse audience.

Controversies Surrounding Tay K

As with many controversial figures, Tay K faced backlash for his criminal activities and the content of his music. Some argued that his lyrics glorified violence and crime, while others praised his honesty and raw storytelling. This duality contributed to the ongoing debate surrounding his music.

Life in Prison

Tay K’s life took a dramatic turn when he was apprehended in 2017. He was charged with capital murder in connection with a home invasion that resulted in a death. This was a severe legal predicament, and he faced the possibility of a life sentence or even the death penalty.

Tay K’s Legal Battle

Tay K’s legal battle was closely watched by both the hip-hop community and the public at large. His trial and subsequent sentencing were major events, and they revealed the complexities of his case. In 2019, Tay K was found guilty and sentenced to 55 years in prison.

His Impact on the Music Industry

While in prison, Tay K’s music continued to gain traction. His songs were streamed millions of times, and he remained a polarizing figure in the industry. His case highlighted the blurred line between art and reality in hip-hop.

Tay K’s Artistic Evolution

Tay K’s artistic evolution is a subject of fascination for many. His early tracks were marked by their rawness and authenticity, but his time in prison forced him to reflect on his life and choices. Some of his later music delved into deeper themes and showcased a more mature perspective.

The Aftermath

Tay K‘s story is a complex one, filled with ups and downs, triumphs and tragedies. His life continues to be a source of intrigue and debate, with fans and critics discussing his impact on the music industry, legal system, and culture at large.

Conclusion

In the world of hip-hop, few figures have sparked as much controversy and curiosity as Tay K. His journey from a troubled upbringing to musical stardom and legal battles has captivated the public’s attention. Whether you view him as a troubled artist or a criminal, Tay K’s story serves as a testament to the complexities of fame and the power of music.

FAQs About Tay K

  1. What is Tay K’s real name?
    • Tay K’s real name is Taymor Travon McIntyre.
  2. When was Tay K born?
    • Tay K was born on June 16, 2000.
  3. What is “The Race,” and why is it famous?
    • “The Race” is a viral hip-hop song by Tay K, famous for being recorded while he was a fugitive from the law.
  4. What legal troubles did Tay K face?
    • Tay K faced charges of capital murder in connection with a home invasion that resulted in a death.
  5. What was Tay K’s sentencing?
    • In 2019, Tay K was sentenced to 55 years in prison for his role in the home invasion case.
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Brooklyn style pizza

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Brooklyn style pizza

Brooklyn Style Pizza: A Slice of New York Heaven

If you’re a pizza lover, chances are you’ve heard of Brooklyn-style pizza. This New York-style pizza is known for its thin crust, crispy edges, and flavorful toppings. And while it may have originated in Brooklyn, it has since become a beloved pizza style all around the world.

At its core, Brooklyn-style pizza is all about simplicity. The dough is made from just a few ingredients: flour, water, yeast, and salt. It’s then stretched out thin and cooked at a high temperature to create that perfect crispy crust. The sauce is typically made with San Marzano tomatoes, which are known for their sweet flavor and low acidity. And the toppings are kept to a minimum, allowing the quality of the ingredients to shine through.

So why is Brooklyn-style pizza so popular? Well, for one thing, it’s incredibly delicious. The combination of the crispy crust, sweet tomato sauce, and high-quality toppings is hard to resist. But it’s also a pizza style that’s steeped in tradition and history. Brooklyn-style pizza has been around for over a century, and it’s become an important part of New York’s culinary identity.

If you’re looking to try some Brooklyn-style pizza for yourself, there are a few things to keep in mind. First of all, make sure you’re getting the real deal. There are plenty of imitators out there, but true Brooklyn-style pizza can only be found at a handful of pizzerias in New York City. Some of the most famous spots include Di Fara Pizza, Grimaldi’s, and Totonno’s.

But even if you can’t make it to New York, you can still enjoy a taste of Brooklyn-style pizza at home. There are plenty of recipes available online that can help you recreate the magic. Just be sure to use high-quality ingredients and follow the instructions closely. And if you’re feeling adventurous, try experimenting with different toppings to create your own unique flavor combinations.

In conclusion, Brooklyn-style pizza is a true culinary masterpiece. Its simplicity and focus on high-quality ingredients have made it a beloved pizza style around the world. Whether you’re visiting New York or trying to recreate the magic at home, be sure to give Brooklyn-style pizza a try. Your taste buds will thank you.

When it comes to pizza, everyone has their favorite style. Some prefer the thin, crispy crust of a Neapolitan pizza, while others prefer the thick, cheesy goodness of a Chicago deep-dish pizza. However, for many pizza lovers, nothing beats the unique flavor and texture of a Brooklyn-style pizza.

What makes Brooklyn-style pizza so special? Let’s take a closer look at the history, ingredients, and preparation methods that make this New York classic a true culinary masterpiece.

The History of Brooklyn-Style Pizza

Brooklyn-style pizza has its roots in the early 20th century, when Italian immigrants started settling in the Brooklyn neighborhood of New York City. These immigrants brought with them their love of pizza, but they had to adapt their recipes to the ingredients that were available in their new home.

As a result, Brooklyn-style pizza was born. This style of pizza typically features a thin, crispy crust that is slightly charred on the edges, a flavorful tomato sauce, and a generous helping of mozzarella cheese. It is often topped with traditional pizza toppings like pepperoni, mushrooms, and onions.

The Ingredients of Brooklyn-Style Pizza

One of the key ingredients that sets Brooklyn-style pizza apart from other styles is the water. New York City’s water is known for its unique mineral content, which can affect the flavor and texture of pizza dough. Many pizzerias in Brooklyn still use this water today, believing that it gives their pizza a distinctive taste that cannot be replicated elsewhere.

Another important ingredient in Brooklyn-style pizza is the flour. Many pizzerias use high-gluten flour, which gives the dough a chewy, bread-like texture. This texture is what sets Brooklyn-style pizza apart from the thin, crispy crusts of Neapolitan-style pizza.

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Fashion Style: Expressing Identity

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Fashion Style: Expressing Identity

Fashion style is a way for individuals to express their personality and identity through clothing and accessories. It is an ever-evolving concept that reflects the cultural and societal influences of a particular time and place. Fashion style has been an integral part of human civilization since ancient times, and it continues to be a significant aspect of our lives today.

The term “fashion” has its roots in the Latin word “face,” which means “to make.” Fashion style involves making choices about the clothing and accessories that one wears. These choices can be based on a variety of factors, including personal preferences, social norms, cultural trends, and practical considerations.

One of the key components of fashion style is clothing. Clothing choices can be based on a variety of factors, including comfort, style, and occasion. For example, someone may choose to wear a comfortable pair of jeans and a t-shirt for a casual day out, while opting for a formal suit or dress for a more formal event. The materials and colors of clothing can also be important in determining fashion style. Some people may prefer natural fabrics like cotton or linen, while others may prefer synthetic fabrics like polyester or rayon. The colors and patterns of clothing can also be important in fashion style, with some individuals preferring bold, bright colors and patterns, while others may prefer more subdued, neutral tones.

Another key component of fashion style is accessories. Accessories can include a wide variety of items, such as jewelry, hats, scarves, and handbags. These items can be used to add a pop of color or texture to an outfit or to complement the style and tone of the clothing. Accessories can also be functional, such as a hat to protect from the sun or a scarf to keep warm in the winter.

Fashion style is not just about individual preferences and choices; it is also influenced by cultural and societal factors. Trends and styles often emerge and change based on cultural influences, such as music, art, and film. Social norms and expectations can also play a role in fashion style, with some styles and choices being more accepted in certain contexts than others.

In recent years, there has been an increased focus on sustainable and ethical fashion. Many individuals are now choosing to make conscious choices about the clothing and accessories they wear, considering the environmental and social impact of their choices. This has led to the emergence of eco-friendly and fair-trade clothing lines, as well as a focus on reducing waste and promoting recycling in the fashion industry.

In conclusion, fashion style is a dynamic and ever-evolving concept that reflects the personal preferences, cultural influences, and social norms of a particular time and place. Clothing and accessories are key components of fashion style, with individuals making choices based on a variety of factors. As fashion style continues to evolve, it is important to consider the impact of our choices on the environment and society and to make conscious and ethical decisions about the clothing and accessories we wear.

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